Community-Oriented Policing (COP) and Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) Assignment

Community-Oriented Policing (COP) and Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) - Assignment Example The term stands for Scanning, Analysis, Response and Assessment. 2. The most essential component necessary for implementing a COP program would be the need for more community interaction between police officers and local citizens (Hunter & Barker 2011). In addition, there must also be the desire by the community to help with strategic planning in a proactive atmosphere, recruit volunteers to help police as eyes and ears to the community, and the patrol range must be manageable by the police in order to make rounds at least a good number of times for a more effective police presence (Craven 2009). 3. In the case of the POP programs, there has to be a very evident problem which requires strategic thinking and planning for the accomplishment of goals. This usually means there must be a goal for eliminating a specific crime in a certain part of the community. Car theft which might be on the rise, means that police patrols may need to set up stings for catching thieves and to also change their usual schedules by showing up at different times than when normally expected (SARA 2013). 4. The most desirable outcomes for implementing either a COPS or POP program is to accomplish goals which make the community a better place to live and work in (Hunter & Parker 2011). Whenever a community feels threatened by criminal activity, then the citizens live in fear and this means that people will sometimes clam up to the police, creating a rift between the two groups (Depsey & Forst 2013). It is essential for the police to get the citizens on the side of the police officers and to promote working together on patrols and in community programs (Craven 2009; Hunter & Parker 2011). 5. Some of the greatest challenges for implementing a COPS or POP program is that police department funds may have been cut, thus reducing hours allowed on the street for neighborhood patrols. Additionally, cuts in technology funding might mean that officers may lose the means for interacting

Module title Construction of race in polotics Essay

Module title Construction of race in polotics - Essay Example because all the really big questions had been settled."1 Fukuyama concludes that this does not "mean that the natural cycle of birth, life, death would end, that important events would no longer happen," but rather, "that there would be no further progress in the development of underlying principles and institutions, because all the really big questions had been settled."2 Samuel B Huntington responded that the really biggest question had yet to be debated. â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations† is the issue that will be the big question in the future. Huntington asserts that,â€Å"the great. divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural.† He acknowledges that â€Å"nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs,† but in future their conflicts will â€Å"occur between nations and groups of civilizations†. Following from these assumptions he concludes that â€Å"the fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.†3 Fukuyama took the very narrow view that the end of the struggle between between capitalism/liberal-democracy and communism/command economy was over with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and that that was the defining conflict of the evolution of human society. It is either a hyperbolic or a foolish suggestion. Huntington proposes that the epic struggle of the twentieth century has imply been displaced by this centurys theme, the clash and conflict between rival cultures. â€Å"A civilization is a cultural entity, â€Å" Huntington writes.4 It is a meta-entity, â€Å"the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species.†5 The taxonomy of civilizations takes into consideration history, language, culture, tradition and, most important, religion. Huntington also points out that there is an objective and a subjective aspect to civilizations. The objective elements of society are the five

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Land Law - Essay Example Therefore, it is important to now that Under (Law of Property Act 1925 s 199(1)(ii)(a)), the occupant(s) of the property have major interests ‘since it is implicit in Williams & Glyn’s Bank v Boland [1981] AC 487, Midland Bank v Dobson [1986] 1 FLR 171 and Lloyds Bank v Rosset [1991] 1 AC 107 that the beneficial interest (of the third parties) under this trust precedes the court order’ (Milney, 1997). It is an important consideration that belief involved in proprietary estoppel cases can be in any rights in and over the property. Tom, another third party, through a properly executed deed, was given exclusive possession over a cottage in the property for a period of six years. In simpler words, the said cottage was given on lease to Tom by the sole registered owner, Simon. The deed is a legal contact between the two parties with specified terms and conditions. The contractual obligations are legally binding on the two parties. When the property is transferred or sold to another person, the liabilities and other encumbrances, unless discounted, are also carried forward, without affecting the rights of the people, especially those who are leased part of the property through proper legal deals. According to LRA 2002(c.9) Section 12(8), ‘registration with possessory title has the same effect as registration with absolute title, except that it does not affect the enforcement of any estate, right or interest adverse to, or in derogation of, the proprietor’s title subsisting at the time of registration or then capable of arising’ (www.opsi.gov.uk). Simon had also given right of way over his driveway to his neighbour Nora, for ‘as long as you live’. This law of easement primarily provides a right to use a piece of land by the neighbours for performing specific functions. The most popular easement is ‘right to

Philosophy of Justice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of Justice - Research Paper Example Socrates was a mysterious personality, attributed as one of the originator of Western philosophy. He was a firm believer that justice is good, this could be attained through self-knowledge. It is imperative to understand what is good i.e. justice and what is injustice or evil. According to Socrates, natural needs are good. Good is always desired. The desire or the requirement to be satisfied varies with a person's nature called the daimon. It is exclusive to every person. Thus, in this scenario, it is the individual's knowledge that plays a vital role in deciding the good and taking the decision. If knowledge is enabling a person to apply for good, then knowledge is also good. It is knowledge that empowers a person to discriminate between good and evil. A wrong action is a direct implication of ignorance. Socrates defined four virtues viz. bravery, self-control, justice, faithfulness (Socrates: the Search of Justice). According to Socrates, retribution for the offense is the treatmen t for wickedness and justice leads to that penalty. A man who has done no erroneous is better-off than a man who has received retribution for his proceedings. Socrates pronounced that the just life is more significant than outside belongings. If one scale evil, first is the man who does incorrect and finds chance of escaping where as the man who does wrong comes second (Socrates: the Search of Justice). On the contrary Adolf Hitler was a firm believer of Bible. According to Hitler, "As a Christian I have no duty to allow myself to be cheated, but I have the duty to be a fighter for truth and justice". He said, "I believe today that my conduct is in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator" (Brainy Quotes). These quotes imply Hitler's temperament towards justice. He defensible his battle for the people of Germany and in opposition to Jews by means of Godly and Biblical interpretations. In reality, one of his most enlightening declarations further enunciate this: "Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord." Apart from Socrates, who believed that knowledge plays an imperative role in judging and providing justice; Adolf Hitler was of the opinion that God and His preaching aids in interpreting and defining justice. Although, Hitler was always misapprehended as he never practiced religion in church (Hitler's religious beliefs and fanaticism). In today's scenario this holds true to some extent. Knowledge is powerful in making a person judgmental and to appreciate the truth and honest opinion. Beliefs related to religion and its preaching find little relevance in the epoch of technology. Justice is what is being followed as per the guidelines set by the organizations of the nations, any violation of these set norms is considered to be injustice. Knowledge and awareness about self and surroundings is vital in taking decisions. To some e xtent the saying "power corrupts" holds true as it is capable of changing the thinking of a common man about the justice in the present scenario. The dictatorship portrayed by Saddam Hussein is known worldwide. He was known for creating horror and terror of his personality against his own crew. He was known to be the greatest tyrants. He was a brutal killer and neither knowledge nor the

Assignment to Critique an Academic Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment to Critique an Academic Paper - Essay Example The article’s argument that entrepreneurs should have, â€Å"the will to conquer: the impulse to fight, to prove oneself superior to others, to succeed for the sake, not of the fruits of success, but of success itself† exaggerates the true nature of a successful entrepreneur (33). This is because the environment and the goals that an entrepreneur has set determine the level of the will applied and the willingness to fight. Wedgwood plays his role as an entrepreneur through application of the skills of hard work, focus, obsessive, demanding and intellectually curious (7). He had a vision of pioneering innovations that would enhance the status of entrepreneurship. Commencing the entrepreneurship skills at 11 shows Wedgwood’s potential of becoming a great entrepreneur in future. He overcame many challenges that threatened his quest to enhance his entrepreneurship prowess. This implies that the urge to become a successful entrepreneur should not be limited by any for m of challenges including disabilities. This is because entrepreneurial innovations can never be successful unless they overcome life challenges. Possession of a weakened knee due to small pox he suffered during his early childhood implied that Wedgwood could not turn a Potter’s wheel (8). In fact, he had to watch as his knee was amputated without the help of anaesthetics after it hampered his ability to apply and harness his entrepreneurial skills. The courage to have even his own body organ eliminated due to its negative impact on his life passion implies that he has the ability to overcome any challenges in the enhancement of his entrepreneurial skills. However, this could be unsustainable if the challenges being eliminated are ethical and beneficial to other people. Entrepreneurship is a passion that is not limited by time constraints. Entrepreneurs should apply their skills and expertise at a tender age. Although the article represents the rhetoric of a successful entrep reneur, it is crucial to point out that successful entrepreneurs do not always wait to attain a certain age period for them to venture into business i.e. 24 years in Wedgwood’s case (7). The fact that he started being a potter at the age of 11 implies that Wedgwood should have commenced his quest for attainment of his life dream at a younger age. Being a successful entrepreneur does not require sufficient flow of financial resources for commencement. The article stipulates that Wedgewood’s father allocated meagre financial resources in his will but he managed to beat all odds and became a successful entrepreneur. However, this does not imply that resources are not necessary for laying the perfect foundation for the establishment of a successful career and entrepreneurial skills. Availability of resources enables an entrepreneur to acquire the necessary equipment required in enhancing new ideas. It is also imperative for entrepreneurs to collude with other like-minded i nnovators to enhance their entrepreneurship skills. For instance, the article points out that Wedgwood formed a partnership with Thomas Whieldon, an eminent Potter. This enabled him to gain access to experienced potters that provided him with the competent skills in their respective fields. However, one should be careful of the type of people that they partner with because some

1) answer these 3 questions using slides uploaded. 2) summarize slides Essay

1) answer these 3 questions using slides uploaded. 2) summarize slides - Essay Example Task-focused approach is directive and consultative as the same time. This is common in universities where the senate makes decisions and communicates them formally through instructions, emails, and memos due to its bureaucratic nature.Managers at low levels may consult to gain commitment of staff. Banks on the other hand, mostly engage in charismatic transformation through directed business process re-engineering. This is because its success is based on how it functions and often needs to restructure processes. Multinational enterprises operate in a dynamic environment hence need to adapt to changes frequently. In this case, it may engage in facilitated as well as directed change styles and its scale of change may vary from fine tuning to corporate transformation. It is therefore likely to engage in turnarounds hence use directive style with some coercion. A good example is the Toyota lean manufaturing technique referred as the Just-in-Time manufacturing and involves eliminating was te in the production process.This type of change may not be applicable to universities which mostly deal with people and not manufacturing processes. There are many factors that can cause organisations to fail in their change initiatives. One key factor is inefficient communication. The way management communicates change determines whether it will be succesful or not as communication is meant to gain engagement and commitment to a cause. The leader needs to explain why change is vital, how they will benefit from it and what will not change so as to minimise anxieties and resistance. Communication also allows the leader to give a vision or direction of where the company is going and what is expected of everyone. In this way, staffs will be commited to the change implementation otherwise they will resist. However, it is not only communication that matters but

Imperialism Essay Example for Free

Imperialism Essay One negative effect imperialism had been that the Africans were being stripped of their land. In document 4 an African proverb states that â€Å"the whites† had taken their land and changed their faith, displaying the amount of power â€Å"the whites† have. Europeans first sent out missionaries to spread their religion to these non-industrialized countries. After the Europeans have set their religion in they would bring in the big guns and take their land. A West African nationalist, Sekou Toure, describes how imperialists look down upon Africans as savages who couldn’t rule and absorbed colonies into their empire, his purpose for the document was possibly to unite people against the whites. The imperialists would basically bully weaker countries until they lacked self-confidence and just eventually give up their land. Once the imperialists absorbed these colonies they would use their raw materials to support their industrialization back at their homeland. Although it appears that Africans being stripped of their land is a negative effect, a journal containing entries about country invasion by a military officer would help to clarify whether this is true. Another negative impact imperialism had been the exploitation of Africans for work. An unknown artist drew a picture of an Asian man and an African man pulling a military officer in a wagon to show the power that European nations have above others. Bigger/more powerful nations are taking advantage of the people settled in lands that aren’t industrialized or as rich. David Diop displayed how â€Å"The White Man† takes advantage of in Africans in An Anthology of West African Verse that describes the death of his father and brother and his mother being raped. In the second to last line Diop called â€Å"The White Man† the â€Å"Conqueror† because he truly did conquer Diop’s family and freedom. The â€Å"Conqueror† left Diop with nothing except forcing him into slavery. A German cartoon titled â€Å"Thus colonize the English† shows a man in uniform squeezing coins out of an African while another man is feeding the African water and a priest preaching in the background. The purpose of this illustration is to show the only value/importance an African American has is for its use of labor. Europeans see indigenous people as a way for them to make money. Mistreatment and forcing religion onto these people was common in order for them to have â€Å"power† of them. Although it appears that Africans were exploited by imperialist Europeans for work, a survey of the amount of pay African workers receive and their type of labor would help to clarify whether this is true. Imperialism did bring out a positive effect that was that the industrialized European nations and non-industrialized, agricultural societies both benefited from each other. O. P. Austin, the author of â€Å"Does Colonization Pay†, described how imperialism benefits progressive nations and the tropic colonies. This was written to persuade/inform the skeptics or people against imperialism. The positive effects would be that if the tropic colonies allowed the progressive nations to control garden spots then in return they would build schools and roads. These progressive nations claimed that they gave â€Å"these people the benefit of other blessings of civilization which they have not the means of creating themselves. † The document Imperialism and World Politics by Parker T.  Moore explains the different groups of people involved in imperialism to show the chain of command/importance. Imperialism involves more than just the military that take over the land, manufacturers have interest in colonial markets, and bankers are the most important because the money used for loan to build ships and railways. Although it appears that both nations benefitted from imperialism, newspaper articles from both nations about the status of their economy and politics would help to clarify whether this is true.