Saturday, May 23, 2020

Essay Human Vulnerability and IT Security - 2336 Words

Information Technology (IT) managers are constantly tasked with evaluating their organization’s overall security posture and reporting the greatest vulnerabilities to leadership. Senior management is often surprised to hear that the greatest vulnerability within an organization is not a misconfigured firewall or a virus being forwarded across an internal e-mail server, but rather a human being. When compared to a piece of hardware or software, a human user is easily the single most targeted weakness within an organization. Defining the Human Vulnerability Charles and Shari Pfleeger define a vulnerability as â€Å"a weakness in the security system, for example, in procedures, design, or implementation, that might be exploited to cause loss†¦show more content†¦The combination of any of these vulnerabilities puts a user and their organization at risk of being exploited by a threat. Password Management is the process of ensuring that systems are protected with unique and complex passwords. Effective password management safeguards data confidentiality, integrity, and availability to intended and authorized users. Individuals who are unfamiliar with the concept of password management may opt for weak passwords because they are easier to remember, or possibly even write their passwords down and leave them in their work environment. In 2002, the British online bank known as Egg found that 50% of user passwords for their e-banking services were family member’s names (Pfleeger Pfleeger, 2007, p. 225). According to Gregg Kreizmen, Gartner’s research director â€Å"two-thirds of U.S. consumers surveyed use the same one or two passwords for all Web sites they access that require authentication† (â€Å"Gartner Says Consumers†, 2009). Many security professionals advise that passwords should be at least seven characters long, and avoid eas ily guessed phrases such as names, places, or things. Additional best practices include using a blend of special characters, numbers, and upper and lower case letters. If an adversary is capable of exploiting a weak or unprotected password, he or she could cause a great deal of damage to an organization’s resources. Inappropriate data storage refers to the process of improperly storing orShow MoreRelatedSecurity Vulnerability Of Information Technology1116 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper explores the most significant security vulnerability that information technology (IT) professionals face in the future. It provides definitions, dissimilarities between vulnerabilities, risks, threats, and risk along with real-world examples of each. This conclusion is the result of several research reports from various sources, to include IT professionals such as the Apple Developers who propose that there are several variations of vulnerabilities which exist, Microsoft, and The CertifiedRead MoreMicrosoft Windows And Remote Procedure Call ( Rpc ) Facilities1558 Words   |  7 Pages(RPC) facilities. RPC is specific to the Windows operating system. The vulnerability was in Port 135 which handles transmission control protocol (TCP) the language in which a system communicates in. Port 135 did not require aut hentication about a server it was communicating with. Therefore, the Blaster Worm was able to inundate the port with data, in turn, injecting malicious code into the system. By exploiting this vulnerability in Port 135, the Blaster Worm would install itself on a computer andRead MoreAdvanced Threat Analytics Use Behavioral Analytics Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations to consider the predominant role of human factor in cybersecurity issues. This report will aim at demonstrating that the human element represents the top cybersecurity threat for hospitals, and perhaps any organizations. Ultimately the goal is a collaborative effort on designing effective policies to manage cyber threats facing the healthcare industry. Part I: The Human Factor Problem Description Health IT: Example of Intersection of Human Behavior and Cybersecurity Healthcare IT hasRead MoreInformation Security, Minor Assignment1575 Words   |  7 Pages ITECH 3215 INFORMATION SECURITY MINOR ASSIGNMENT THREAT PROFILING VIVEK CHARY DADUVAI (30312832)â€Æ' Contents Summary 3 Introduction 3 Profile of Threat 3 Profile Completion 4 Situational crime Prevention 4 Law 6 International scope 6 Conclusion 7 Reference 8 â€Æ' Summary Computer security is the security applied to the computers and their networks including the internet. Physical security and information security are the two types of computer securities which prevent theft of equipmentRead MoreCyber Terrorism And Cyber Attacks1367 Words   |  6 Pageshacking the big companies and breaking their security. But the companies started a process called penetration testing this is like hacking our own computer and when any vulnerability is found and they can protect themselves from that vulnerability. Microsoft is hiring the people hacking the Microsoft so these hackers can improve their security level What is penetration testing? This process is used to find out the security vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities can be caused by number of reason like designRead MoreSecuring It Infrastructure At Wd Enterprises1268 Words   |  6 Pagesproperly secure the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure today, there are many different areas that need to be addressed. Each of these areas pose different vulnerabilities and challenges to properly securing an IT environment. By identifying these vulnerabilities, applying controls to address them, and designing a robust security plan the IT infrastructure at WD Enterprises will be more secure and provide better protection against these threats. This plan along with design and application ofRead MoreEssay On Vulnerability826 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate Title Where Have All the Vulnerabilities Gone? Application development and use has been changing for several years. The growth of software-as-a-service has created new challenges for security tools — challenges that legacy products are simply unable to meet. Relying on vulnerability scanners that used public databases of vulnerabilities can have disastrous consequences, but it was often necessary to do so. However, scanners cannot defend against a vulnerability that they cannot identify — andRead MoreWhy Vulnerabilities Remain Hidden899 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate Title Why Vulnerabilities Remain Hidden Application development and use has been changing for several years. The growth of software-as-a-service as well as the move to cloud-based applications has created new challenges for security tools — challenges that legacy products are simply unable to meet in a world in which new threats appear almost daily. Relying on vulnerability scanners, web application firewalls and antivirus software can have disastrous consequences, but until recentlyRead MoreTechnology Based Medical Technology822 Words   |  4 PagesThis research paper examines Internet of Things (IoT) based medical technology from a cyber-security perspective, aims to better understand the security landscape of IoT in medical technology and come up with solutions for enhanced IoT security. The paper was prepared through researching online resources and applying critical thinking. A simple vulnerability in a protocol such as Interoperable Telesurgery Protocol (ITP) while conducting remote surgeries, can result in hackers gaining control of theRead MoreWhen Cybersecurity Policy Is Discussed The Topics Often1145 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology, corporate culture, and security awareness. The success of an organization in defending its most valuable asset, data, depends on the proper implementation of several security practices. Ensuring that the â€Å"human aspect† of cyber security is addressed is vital, for the culture of an organization can greatly impact both the security posture and defense of information networks. This paper addresses the human aspects responsible for SCADA System vulnerabilities and provides a holistic solution

Monday, May 18, 2020

Ethical Issues in Research - 2362 Words

AFRICA NAZARENE UNIVERSITY UNIT TITLE : BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS UNIT CODE : BCM 308 TASK : GROUP WORK STUDENT NO. NAME : NEWTON WANYAMA 12M03EBA074 : LEWIS MUNDIA 12J03ABA007 : JAMES IKUA 12S03EBA003 : MARY ODERO 12S03ABA011 : GLADYS MUMO 12J03EBA011 : PENINAH MBUTHIA : GEORGE OLIWA QUESTION : Discuss the ethical issues in research? DUE: 8 JULY 2013 LECTURER: HANIEL NJOGU MUCHIRI INTRODUCTION When most people think of ethics (or morals), they think of†¦show more content†¦Ethical lapses in research can significantly harm human and animal subjects, students, and the public. For example, a researcher who fabricates data in a clinical trial may harm or even kill patients, and a researcher who fails to abide by regulations and guidelines relating to radiation or biological safety may jeopardize his health and safety or the health and safety of staff and students. Codes and Policies for Research Ethics Given the importance of ethics for the conduct of research, it should come as no surprise that many different professional associations, government agencies, and universities have adopted specific codes, rules, and policies relating to research ethics. Many government agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) have ethics rules for funded researchers. Other influential research ethics policies include the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors), the Chemists Code of Conduct (American Chemical Society), Code of Ethics (American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science) Ethical Principles of Psychologists (American Psychological Association), Statements on Ethics and Professional Responsibility (American AnthropologicalShow Mo reRelatedIssues of Ethical Research683 Words   |  3 PagesIssues of Ethical Research The vast majority of ethical dilemmas regarding research and the involvement of human participants is associated with concerns that are decidedly monetary in nature. Of course, the most fundamental concerns for any such research would be to protect the health and the welfare of those human participants (Callahan 1998). This statement becomes particularly true when such a population group pooled for research includes specialty subjects such as elderly people, pregnant womenRead MoreEthical Issues in Social Research1348 Words   |  6 Pagesliving, however the meaning of ethics or what is ethical differs. Ethics is commonly associated with morality and Webster’s New world Dictionary defines ethical as â€Å"conforming to the standards of conduct of a given profession or group.† Knowing what a particular society considers ethical and unethical is what contributes to living successfully in that society. This is the same for researchers; researchers need to be aware of what is considered ethical and unethical conduct of scientific inquiry. Read MoreEthical Issues in Business Research657 Words   |  3 PagesETHICAL ISSUES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH â€Å"Just as there are ethical aspects to all human interaction, there are some ethical questions about business research.† What are ETHICS? Such a question is a philosophical question. Philosophers do not generally agree as to the to the question but people’s rights and obligations are usually dictated by the norms of society. Societal norms are codes of behaviour adopted by a group; they suggest what a member of a group ought to do under given circumstancesRead MoreEthical Issues in Pharmacy Research1006 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issues in Pharmacy Research Reflection There is abundant evidence showing how easy it is to exploit individuals in the history of medical research in the twentieth century. It was not until the early 1960s when the public began to take notice of the ethical neglect that researchers had for their subjects. The exposure of gross abuses in medical research generated a public furor that was finally noticed by those who administered research funding which enabled changes to policy to begin toRead MoreResearch Method Ethical Issues1610 Words   |  7 Pages1. Research methodology definition Research methodology is the philosophy or the general principle which will guide the research (Dawson C. , 2007). 2. Decide the research methods 1) Thinking about purpose You need to think about the purpose of your research as this will help point to the most appropriate methods to use. 2) Qualitative research and quantitative research Qualitative research explores attitudes, behavior and experiences through such methods as interviews or focus groupsRead MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing Research2143 Words   |  9 PagesEthical Issues in Marketing Research Ethics is that branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions (Ethics, 2015). What is Ethical Marketing? Business ethics is one of the most complicated and contentious subjects in human society. The difference between right and wrong always has lots of conflicts. What is right to one may not be the same toRead MoreEthical Issues in Healthcare Research Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many ethical issues in the healthcare field. These issues range from insurance coverage, senior care, childhood immunizations, beneficence, abortion, medicinal marijuana, honesty and medical research (Fritzsche, D., 2004). Today we will discuss the ethical concerns in only one aspect of heath care and that topic is research (Benatar, S., 2000). Medical research is necessary in order to make strides in health care, introduce new medications, to discover new symptoms and disorders and toRead MoreEthical Issues Facing The Clinical Research1833 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction There are many ethical concerns that arise when a company, or individual, stand to make a monetary gain by making a medical decision. In the clinical research, there have been concerns ranging from faking the number of patients enrolled in a study to fabricating study data and insider trading. These issues are what arise when money drives an industry that is supposed to be concerned with patient safety and scientific investigation. The conflicting interests of financial gain and theRead MoreEthical Issues in Social Psychological Research6240 Words   |  25 PagesRunning head: ETHICS IN RESEARCH Ethical Issues in Social Psychological Research Social psychological research has been conducted in response to many social concerns. Over the years the focus of research has changed greatly depending on the needs of society. However the main purpose has remained constant, which is to contribute to understanding individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in light of a broader social context. Social psychological research is done with both humans and animalsRead MoreResearch on Managerial Accounting Ethical Issues1827 Words   |  8 PagesWhile I was looking for an appropriate topic for research, I found an interesting publication, which fitted best to the subject (ethics in managerial accounting issues) and also included 5 good examples examples of possible problems associated with the field. The method of the study seemed unclear, especially considering the connection between the serial number of a dollar bill and the question to which the respondent had to answer in the end (in my work I will constantly refer back t o the text

Monday, May 11, 2020

Feminism And Social, Political, And All Other Rights Of Women

According to the website Dictionary.com feminism is â€Å"the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men.† While that statement is not necessarily wrong, it is awfully vague. The reason this statement is so vague is, according to many researchers, because feminism is an incredibly complex concept with many different interpretations. Susan Hekman (2013), for example, interprets feminism to be a radical movement that challenges the very fundament of modernism, which is a repeated theme in her studies. Despite this broad statement and the general definition it provides, Hekman does acknowledge that feminism is not simply one uniform concept, but rather, a plethora of interpretations, which she calls â€Å"feminisms.† One form that she describes is Marxist/Socialist feminism, which is derived from modernist roots and generally speaking, rejects liberalism. The other form that is mentioned in her research is contemporary fe minism, which primarily relies on liberal ideas. From those two broad groups different subcategories of feminism are formed, not only by societies but also by individuals. Despite the clear differences between the two main forms of feminism, and truthfully, any feminism, they are all based on challenging the masculine versus feminine dichotomy that is so prominent in society. Through diligent research by another female writer, by the name of Nancy F. Cott, one will see a strange occurrence within the femaleShow MoreRelatedLiberal Feminism vs. Radical Feminism Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesLiberal Feminism and Radical Feminism The goal of feminism as both a social movement and political movement is to make women and men equal not only culturally, but socially and legally. Even though there are various types of feminism that focus on different goals and issues, the ultimate end to feminism is abolishing gender inequality that has negative effects on women in our society. The issues and goals that a feminist may have are dependent on the social organization or the type of economicRead MoreDoes Feminism Create Equality?1037 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Feminism Create Equality? Feminism is an umbrella term for people who think there is something wrong with the idea that gender has the capability to limit an individual’s social and political right. Even if there is inequality between men and women, feminism has never been the main reason to give women their civil rights. Feminism started among European activists in the 19th century, when women were not treated equally and were not elected to high positions of power. Indeed, it sought to eliminateRead MoreFeminism : Women s Role1541 Words   |  7 Pages Feminism has had a tremendous result on women’s roles in society and in their everyday life. After a while, women got sick of living a strict lifestyle. They became tired of staying caged in their houses, cooking, and cleaning, and not being able to do what they truly wanted and so desired. So, they decided that they wanted this no more and needed to do something to put a stop to this and make change. What they really wanted was equality between men and women and wanted the same opportunities thatRead MoreFeminism : A Social, Economic, And Social Equality Of The Sexes1465 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism. This seemingly harmless word can ruin or heighten a person’s reputation, it can give someone new views on the world, it can destroy relationships, it can build new ones; this single word can change lives. Most people categorize â€Å"feminism† as a code for women that tells them to hate men, not shave, burn bras, be vegan, and if there is any time left over maybe, just maybe, to fight for women’s rights. Now, there are definitely feminists that fulfill this stereotype but the vast majority ofRead MorePolitical Ideology And The Public Policies1527 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical ideology is known to be a set of ideas on a broad range of issues concerning government and politics and the public policies used to achieve its goals. Ideologies are used to describe and understand the world as it is through human nature, historical events, realities in the present, future possibilities, and reaching social, economic and political ideals (Jost, Federico and Napier, 309). Conservatism, anarchism and feminism all have attributes of political ideology and are relevant toRead MoreFeminism And Women s Suffrage Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism is a critique of patriarchy, on the one hand, and an ideology committed to women’s emancipation on the other. The feminist movement can be see mainly in 3 stages in the UK. It can be argued that feminism had its day due to lack of momentum behind a third and fourth stage of its movement resulting in a decline of feminism in this generation. In this essay, I will be focusing more attention on the first and second waves of feminism compared to third stage of feminism. The first wave of feminismRead MoreFeminism And The United States1540 Words   |  7 Pages Feminism in the United States â€Å"I think it is right that I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life. I think it is right that socially, I am afforded the same respect as men,† stated by the U.N Women Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson, a strong feminist activist. In society today, women need feminism in orderRead MoreThe Social Philosophies On The Race Theory And Feminism Approaches1316 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will address and define the social philosophies on the Race Theory and feminism approaches. These theories will be explained of how it is understood, compared and contrasted through examples of social justice, and examples of injustice. The Race theory is viewed as a self-conscious way of thinking. It is referred to as ideas of human differences beginning from ancient times to today. Racism is made up of practices and commitments deriving from racial hierarchies. However, the thoughtRead MoreFeminism And The Reality Behind Feminism Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesagree that men and women are equal in the aspect of social, political, and economic rights. Ironically the respondents agree with what feminism stands for. The confusion is the result of several negative connotations associated with the term. Such associations led to believe that feminists are â€Å"man-hating,† resulting in the comparison of the derogatory term â€Å"feminazi† first used by Rush Limbaugh. The discrepancy between the stereotypical view of feminism and the reality behind feminism is due to the differentRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages Over all, the push for women s suffrage and rights was strong, but further enhanced by leaders like Alice Paul and Jane Addams. The idea of equal rights for all was further scrutinized and contested after civil rights were granted to former slaves. Women began to push for similar equality as illustrated through the feminist movement. The feminist movement became very large and sprouted subsections, one being a subsection of feminism known as social feminism. This branch of feminism was more

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Theories Of Maslow s Theory - 2929 Words

1. Executive Summary Maslow’s motivational theory, as one of the well known motivational theories in human behavior at work, is widely used in employee motivation. For managers, Maslow theory has a number of implications. In this report, we will analyze the practice of Maslow’s motivational theory in business and exam its effectiveness by looking at how entrepreneur apply this theory to different types of managerial levels, which categorized as non-managerial employees, first-line managers, middle managers and senior managers as well. Also this report states some flaws of the theory. Based on the analysis of various cases, we will make some suggestions about how can today’s managers apply Maslow’s theory in a more effective way in†¦show more content†¦However, in order to accomplish these goals, those five needs are required to fulfill. There are five levels in a triangle and each level represents a goal or one of our needs. The pyramid structure can be break down into five levels. The most basic need is physiological needs, which appears at the bottom, defined as things we need to survive. For next step up is the safety needs, which can be described as people’s need to have a security place to live and work. The former two needs we mentioned are categorized as basic or lower needs. In the middle level is the emotional needs or the belonging needs, which refers to our willingness to have a sense of belonging or build relationship with surrounding people. Next level is esteem needs, which are things that make us feel good or significant. Each time a lower needs is fulfilled, you then can move up to the next needs until you reach the top, which is self-actuation. According to Maslow, self-actualization indicates that people are eager to achieve humans full potential and reach out of the world. The latter two needs that Maslow hierarchy chart show are higher needs. Therefore, Maslow’s hierarchical needs theory mai nly focuses on what actually motivates people to do the things they do, to behave the way they behave. In later years, Maslow expanded this theory into eight-hierarchy level of needs. However, in this paper, we won’t cover the revised version of his

Changes and Improvement in Recruitment and Training Free Essays

Changes and Improvement in Recruitment and Training of Business Company: With a reference to 7-Eleven Corporation Abstract Purpose – This essay aims to account for the ways in which recruitment and training deeds are changing with an instance of 7-Eleven Corporation and to point out the reasons for the main changes and improvement in the process of training and recruitment of a business company. Findings – The essay indicated that the methods of recruitment and training process of business companies or organizations, is increasingly focused on a sophisticated, objective and effective way, which adding modern training methods to the recruitment system such as e-leaning and multi-skills training. Keywords Recruitment, Training, 7-Eleven Paper type Viewpoint 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Changes and Improvement in Recruitment and Training or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Recruitment and training is an essential process for business and organizations of searching for and offering potential Job for applicants in sufficient quantity and quality so that employers can obtain the most suitable candidates to fill in their Job vacancies (Brains, M. , 2008). Nowadays, business recruitment and training has become one of the tough challenges for corporations who have realized that the future of their organizations depends on the recruitment and selection of the best among an increasing number of employees. However, it seems that attracting a large umber of applicants is still not a major problem but recruiting the right applicants is the main concern of many employers. Therefore in order to analyses the recent developments in recruitment and training sessions, this essay will present the changes of recruitment and training needs with an example of 7-Eleven Corporation. Then have a little discussion about the reasons of the main changes and how can the corporation do to improve the process of recruitment and selection. 2. The process of recruitment and training in 7-Eleven 7-Eleven Corporation is the world’s largest operator, franchiser, and licensor of nonviolence stores, primarily operating as a franchise, with more than 50,000 outlets located in 16 countries (Wisped, 7-Eleven, 2014). Based on its large market and business expansion, 7-Eleven needs to recruit thousands of employees every year. 7- Lenten Company owns a very professional training system. Normally most employees are begin recruited in November and their selection processes run in the Spring for a period of a few months. Within this period of time, the applicants would be strictly demanded with their professional skills. Take the retail employee training f 7-Eleven as an example, training of frontline retail employees falls into three main categories: (1) Operational. (2) Customer service. (3) Leadership (Irreproachableness. Com, 2014) Operational training is the most essential part to the business operation, which includes how to operate a cash register, how to inventory merchandise shipments, how to make a super hamburger, etc. Customer service training is aiming at providing employees with product knowledge as well as relationship and selling skills. Subjects often include how to handle troublesome customers and how to suggest appropriate add-ones to the purchase of particular product. Leadership training gives select individuals the business and relationship skills they need to advance in- to managerial positions (Wisped, 7-Eleven, 2014). 3. Ways in which recruitment and training needs are changing In the few five years, (Youth, 2014), the training process of 7-Eleven had individually changed. In order to gain a more competitive position in products sales marketplace, the business recruitment department of 7-Eleven has eagerly adopted computer-based training or â€Å"e-learning†. Take a food production department as an example, on average, it might take eight hours of training before an employee becomes productive. However, employees are taught to reduce those eight hours of training to six hours through some e-learning and other electronic Job aids on the Job, which lead to gain productivity and reduce training costs. It’s exactly the kind of e-learning that I think is most effective,† says Schooled (Youth, 2014), â€Å"It’s learning that’s needed, and it’s put into practice immediately. † Another interesting research (Brains, M. , 2008) notes that, there is an increasing number of employers tend to expect newly applicants to have good transferable skills, as well as former working experience, rather than only excellent acad emic grades. 4. Reasons for these changes (1) It is obviously showed that the development of e-learning lessons for the training program is partly because of the widespread use of new technology (Irreproachableness. Mom, 2014). The internet started to dominate the process of recruitment as more and more business companies used the internet for advertising vacancies, testing online and even online purchasing. (2) Secondly, the purpose of emending of transferable skills for newly employees is to develop their multi-skills including communication skills, problem-solving ability, IT skills, etc,. (3) Further more, instead of higher education qualification or fantastic academic grades, the relevant working experience is highly concerned to the recruitment and training process. For instance, the retail training in 7-Eleven, if an employee used to have a Job in other convenience stores or work as salesmen, it would be quite essay to catch the new position in 7-Eleven. The only thing for him might be acquainted with the new reduces. 5. Improvement of recruitment and training process (1) Firstly, with the growing tendency to the needs of computer technology, the most popular method of recruitment is the internet learning session (Berger, Z. , 2008). The employers encourage e-mail applications, online applications and even online testing. Each above could be a effective way to exam the employees about IT skills. (2) As to the needs of working experience and flexible skills for the employees, a further improvement indicates that the employers can take the training strategy of â€Å"transfer he position†, which means an employee would be trained in different departments of equal time period. The employees would be dramatic benefited from various types of work. Meanwhile, the company they served would also have a better observation of the employees of what the perfect position for each individual. . Conclusion The analysis has shown that the methods of recruitment and training process of all employers, regardless of organizational size or business type, is increasingly focused on a sophisticated, objective and effective way. Comparing with the type or level of lubrication acquired, many employers become more interested in the transferable skills of applicants (such as communication skills, problem-solving ability and learning capability). Therefore, the recruitment and training process has become more practical, rather than theoretical. How to cite Changes and Improvement in Recruitment and Training, Papers

Vegetation Canopy Lidar Mission Possible Essay Research free essay sample

Vegetation Canopy Lidar Mission: Possible Essay, Research Paper Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission: Possible Since the beginning of clip, human activities that have been changing the Earth and its ambiance have caused the Earth to warm by about one grade Fahrenheit since the late nineteenth century. Whether these activities were indispensable or otiose, the effects on and environing Earth are countless. For illustration, a heater Earth could take to the spread of diseases, runing polar ice caps, withdrawing glaciers, and a alteration in precipitation forms ( Gay 21 ) . Recently, scientists have concluded that this displacement of clime due to the buildup of nursery gases, in portion, might be accredited to the popular pattern of deforestation. Because human activities have altered the chemical composing of the ambiance, scientists have developed laser-based detectors to map the construction of flora in the universe # 8217 ; s woods. Some of course happening nursery gases such as H2O vapour, C dioxide, methane, azotic oxide, and ozone are released into the ambiance through the normal methods of firing fuel and transporting coal ( McCuen 15 ) . Certain human activities add to the degrees of these of course happening gases. Greenhouse gases that are non of course happening are called CFC, hydroflurocarbons, and PFCs. These are generated by industrial procedures ( # 8220 ; Global Warming # 8221 ; 1 ) . Scientists believe that deforestation is a major subscriber moving to increase or diminish C into the ambiance, in bend, potentially speed uping or suppressing planetary heating. To day of the month, scientists can merely contend how much C dioxide is being emitted into the air from the cutting down of woods. Therefore, scientists have developed a laser-based detector to find this enigma. Land based LIDAR systems were introduced in the early 1960s, and were used to supervise the ozone and upper ambiance. Then in the 1970s, airborne LIDAR devices were developed to widen local positions to regional graduated tables ( Roach 2 ) . The first space-borne LIDAR, which provided the first elaborate planetary profiles of the multi-layered construction of clouds, flew aboard NASA # 8217 ; s infinite bird in 1994. Today, the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission, led by Dr. Ralph Dubayah of the University of Maryland, will be the first launching of a light sensing and ranging ( LIDAR ) device on a orbiter to supply scientists with a expression at Earth # 8217 ; s environment. This launching will be known as the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission ( Isbell 1 ) . The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission will let scientists to measure a entire stock list of how much C is in the universe # 8217 ; s woods ( Higgins and Roach 1 ) . Obtaining an stock list of the perpendicular construction of woods across Earth # 8217 ; s surface is possible because the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission will map in three dimensional format the # 8220 ; direct measuring of tree highs, forest canopy construction, and derived parametric quantities such as planetary biomass with at least 10 times better truth than bing appraisals # 8221 ; ( Isbell 1 ) . Such information will supply an update of planetary forest wellness every bit good as produce an approximative count of how much C the woods hold. Knowing how much C Earth # 8217 ; s woods hold is a cardinal factor in clime alteration economic sciences ( Roach 1 ) . At this point, scientists are able to cipher the above-ground biomass of a wood and they know that about 50 per centum of a wood # 8217 ; s biomass is made up of C. With the information from the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission, they can gauge the sum of C contained in the woods ( Higgins and Roach 2 ) . These maps will besides assist scientists place degraded Ar Emergency Alert Systems in the woods. Because of cloud screen, many of import ecosystem belongingss of the flora and surface of wet conditions of the woods can non be adequately assessed ( Consuming 715 ) . The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission has the ability and truth to pierce cloud screen which will work out this job. Most instruments used by scientists to detect Earth can non project through the thinnest of clouds without bring forthing a deformed image ( Roach 1 ) . In add-on, bio-diversity surveies can utilize the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission’s comprehensive appraisals of a forest’s construction to place and supervise habitat countries. The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission will besides aide in the anticipation of conditions forms because the measurings it can take aid in the apprehension of air current flow over the Earth. The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission will utilize five optical masers that send pulsations of energy to the Earth # 8217 ; s surface. Photons from the optical masers resile off foliages, subdivisions, and the land so reflect back to the instrument. The Light Detection and Ranging ( LIDAR ) device is the same type of device as the Radio Detection and Ranging ( RADAR ) , but the energy beginnings are different. LIDAR devices are active distant detectors since they include the light beginning ( Cross 1 ) . The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission uses pulsed radio detection and ranging from a single-instrument, a little ballistic capsule, 400 kilometre height, planetary remote detection of tree canopy tallness, perpendicular distribution of intercepted surfaces in the canopy, and land topography. The LIDAR instrument for the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission is the Multi-Beam Laser Altimeter ( MBLA ) . This device has five optical maser senders, a big receiving system telescope, a set of five sensors and laser-pulse analysis electronics, computing machine informations electronics, and a indicating angle measurement system. # 8220 ; The primary function for MBLA in measuring of the Earth # 8217 ; s flora canopy is enabled by the related techniques of optical maser pulse time-of-flight measuring and optical maser pulsation form analysis that constitute a LIDAR capableness for distant detection of the Earth # 8217 ; s surface # 8221 ; ( Doherty 1 ) . The laser-based detectors ( LIDAR ) operate in fundamentally the same mode as RADAR. The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR will fire out pulsations of optical maser radiation and the LIDAR collects the photons with optical telescopes ( Roach 2 ) . By analysing the returned signals, scientists receive a direct measuring of all the information the devices offer ( Higgins and Roach 2 ) . The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission is scheduled to be launched into infinite in September 2000. It will go up from Alaska # 8217 ; s Kodiak Launch Complex ( Higgins and Roach 3 ) . NASA and the University of Maryland are working together to be after other launchings of laser-based orbiters into orbit. In July 2001, a optical maser instrument will sit aboard a orbiter to map the surface of Earth # 8217 ; s ice sheets. This mission will bring forth consequences with a perpendicular declaration of merely four inches. A comparing of this new informations over several old ages will enable scientists to cipher the sum of ice that has been lost due to planetary heating and has contributed to a rise in sea degrees. In the twelvemonth 2003, scientists are be aftering to implement laser-based detectors on a mission to mensurate the chemical composing and construction of clouds to better clime prognosiss ( Roach 2 ) . These exciting and advanced missions will present their first scientific d iscipline consequences in a small over three old ages. Not merely are these exciting and advanced missions capable of bring forthing fast consequences, but besides they are cost-efficient for NASA # 8217 ; s budget. These missions will supply the replies to # 8220 ; emerging research inquiries that will further spread out the scientific cognition of the Earth # 8221 ; ( Isbell 1 ) .